La capacidad moral más exigente: ¿Podría la evolución proporcionar alguna base?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46543/ISID.2231.1056Palabras clave:
contenidos mentales de los otros, discurso dirigido a uno mismo, altruismo espontáneo, Teoría de la Mente, expectativas vicariasResumen
Los intentos de hacer compatibles la moral y la evolución han asimilado la capacidad moral con el autocontrol complejo en favor de las metas propias o con el altruismo espontáneo. Esos intentos se enfrentan a un problema fácil, puesto que esos dos sentidos de la moral son adaptativamente ventajosos. En cambio, las decisiones que van contra las propias metas de uno son desventajosas. A pesar de ello, ¿pudo surgir en la evolución una base, por pobre y débil que fuera, para esta capacidad? Propongo que tal base, si bien no es una ventaja adaptativa en principio, sino más bien lo contrario, surge de la convergencia entre dos habilidades que en sus respectivos orígenes sí eran muy ventajosas adaptativamente: el modo avanzado de la teoría de la mente (ToM) y el habla interior.
Descargas
Citas
APPERLY, Ian A. – BUTTERFILL, Stephen A., “Do Humans Have Two Systems to Track Beliefs and Belief-Like States?”, Psychological Review 116 (2009) 953-970: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016923. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016923
AYALA, Francisco, “The Difference of Being Human: Ethical behavior as an evolutionary by-product”, in H. ROLSTON (ed.), Biology, Ethics, and the Origins of Life, Jones & Bartlett, 1995, 113-136.
BARRESI, John – MOORE, Chris, “Intentional Relations and Social Understanding”, Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (1996) 107-122: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00041790. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00041790
BAUMARD, Nicolas – ANDRÉ, Jean-Baptiste – SPERBER, Dan, “A Mutualistic Approach to Morality. The Evolution of Fairness by Partner Choice”, Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (2013) 59-78: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X11002202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X11002202
BAUMEISTER, Roy – BRATSLAVSKY, Ellen – MURAVEN, Mark – TICE, Dianne, “Ego Depletion: Is the Active Self a Limited Resource?”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 (1998) 1252-1265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1252
BEJARANO, Teresa, “Autorregulación y libertad”, Themata 43 (2010) 65-86.
BEJARANO, Teresa, “Buscando el requisito decisivo para el origen del número”, en C. BARÉS – F. J. SALGUERO – F. SOLER (eds.), Lógica, Conocimiento y Abducción. Homenaje a Ángel Nepomuceno, London, College Publications, 2021, 131-152.
BEJARANO, Teresa, “From Holophrase to Syntax: Intonation and the Victory of Voice over Gesture”, Humana.Mente: Journal of Philosophical Studies 27 (2014) 21-37.
BEJARANO, Teresa, “Las emociones ante la ficción”, Thémata 13 (1995) 73-95.
BEJARANO, Teresa, “Libertad moral y evolución biológica: un interrogante que conviene ya ir planteando”, Thémata 34 (2005) 235-247.
BEJARANO, Teresa, “Parábolas, altruismo espontáneo y coherencia cognitiva. Analizando la eficaz construcción de algunas parábolas”, Isidorianum 29 (2020) 13-36: https://doi.org/10.46543/ISID.2029.1053 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46543/ISID.2029.1053
BEJARANO, Teresa, Becoming Human: From pointing gestures to syntax (Advances in Consciousness Research 81), Amsterdam, Benjamins, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/aicr.81
BENÍTEZ-BURRACO, Antonio – FERRETTI, Francesco – PROGOVAC, Ljiljana, “Human Self-Domestication and the Evolution of Pragmatics”, Cognitive Science 45 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12987 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12987
BRÄTEN, Stein, “Hominin Infant Decentration Hypothesis: Mirror neurons system adapted to subserve mother-centered participation”, Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27 (2004) 508-509: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0427011X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0427011X
CASTRO, Laureano – CASTRO-NOGUEIRA, Miguel Ángel – VILLARROEL, Morris – TORO, Miguel Ángel, “The Role of Assessor Teaching in Human Culture”, Biological Theory 14 (2019) 112-121: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13752-018-00314-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13752-018-00314-2
CLARK, Andy, “Language, Embodiment, and the Cognitive Niche”, Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10 (2006) 370-374: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.06.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.06.012
CLARK, Andy, “Material Symbols”, Philosophical Psychology 19 (2006) 1-17: https://doi.org/10.1080/09515080600689872 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09515080600689872
COLAGÈ, Ivan – D’ERRICO, Francesco, “Culture: The Driving Force of Human Cognition”, Topics in Cognitive Science 12 (2018) 654-672: https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12372 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12372
DARWIN, Charles, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, London, John Murray, 1872. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/10001-000
DE WAAL, Frans, The Age of Empathy, New York, NY, Three Rivers Press, 2010.
DOEBEL, Sabine – ZELAZO, Philip D., “Bottom-up and Top-down Dynamics in Young Children’s Executive Function: Labels aid 3-year-olds’ performance on the Dimensional Change Card Sort”, Cognitive Development 28 (2013) 222-232: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2012.12.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2012.12.001
DOR, Daniel, “From Experience to Imagination: Language and its evolution as a social communication technology”, Journal of Neurolinguistics 43 (2017) 107-119: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2016.10.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2016.10.003
DUCKWORTH, Angela – GROSS, James, “Self-Control and Grit”, Current Directions in Psychological Science 23 (2014) 319-325: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721414541462 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414541462
EPSTEIN, Leonard – JIMÉNEZ-KNIGHT, Tatiana – HONAN, Anna – BIONDOLILLO, Matthew –PALUCH, Rocco – BICKEL, Warren, “A Story to Tell: The role of narratives in reducing delay discounting for people who strongly discount the future”, Memory 29 (2021) 708-718: https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2021.1936560 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2021.1936560
EREIRA, Sam – DOLAN, Raymond J. – KURTH-NELSON, Zeb, “Agent-specific Learning Signals for Self-other Distinction During Mentalising”, PLoS Biology 16 (2018): https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pbio.2004752 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2004752
FERNYHOUGH, Charles, “The Dialogic Mind: A dialogic approach to the higher mental functions”, New Ideas in Psychology 14 (1996) 47-62: https://doi.org/10.1016/0732-118X(95)00024-B DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0732-118X(95)00024-B
FODOR, Jerry, The Language of Thought. Cambridge, MS, Harvard University Press, 1975.
FRASER, Benjamin J., Sexual Selection and the Evolution of Morality. (PhD Thesis), Camberra, Australian National University, 2010.
GALLESE, Vittorio, “The Problem of Images: A view from the brain-body”, Phenomenology and Mind 14 (2018) 70-79: https://doi.org/10.13128/Phe_Mi-23626
GAMBI, Chiara – JINDAL, Priya – SHARPE, Sophie – PICKERING, Martin – RABAGLIATI, Hugh, “The Relation Between Preschoolers’ Vocabulary Development and Their Ability to Predict and Recognize Words”, Child Development 92 (2021) 1048-1066: https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13465 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13465
GEURTS, Bart, “Communication as Commitment Sharing: Speech acts, implicatures, common ground”, Theoretical Linguistics 45 (2019) 1-30: https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2019-0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2019-0001
GEURTS, Bart, “Making Sense of Self Talk”, Review of Philosophy and Psychology 9 (2018), 271-285: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-017-0375-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-017-0375-y
GHISELIN, Michael T., “Darwin and Evolutionary Psychology: Darwin initiated a radically new way of studying behavior”, Science 179 (1973) 964-968: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.179.4077.964 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.179.4077.964
GOLLWITZER, Peter, “Weakness of the Will: Is a Quick Fix Possible?”, Motivation & Emotion 38 (2014) 305-322: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11031-014-9416-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-014-9416-3
GREEN, James – SPIKINS, Penny, “Not Just a Virtue: The evolution of self-control”, Time & Mind 13 (2020): https://doi.org/10.1080/1751696X.2020.1747246 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1751696X.2020.1747246
GROSSE WIESMANN, Charlotte – FRIEDERICI, Angela – SINGER, Tania – STEINBEIS, Nikolaus, “Two Systems for Thinking about Others’ Thoughts in the Developing Brain”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117 (2020) 6928-6935: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1916725117 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1916725117
GROSSMANN, Tobias – MISSANA, Manuela – VAISH, Amrisha, “Helping, Fast and Slow: Exploring Intuitive Cooperation in Early Ontogeny”, Cognition 196 (2020): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104144 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104144
HANAKAWA, Takashi, “Organizing Motor Imageries”, Neuroscience Research 104 (2016) 56-63: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2015.11.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2015.11.003
HARE, Brian, “Survival of the Friendliest: Homo sapiens Evolved via Selection for Prosociality”, Annual Review of Psychology 68 (2017) 155-186: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044201
JABLONKA, Eva – GINSBURG, Simona – DOR, Daniel, “Cognitive Gadgets and Genetic Accommodation”, Behavioral and Brain Sciences 42 (2019): https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X19001006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X19001006
JOYCE, Richard, The Evolution of Morality, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 2007.
KANO, Fumihiro – CALL, Josep – KRUPENYE, Christopher, “Primates Pass Dynamically Social Anticipatory-Looking False-Belief Tests”, Trends in Cognitive Sciences 24 (2020) 77-778: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.07.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.07.003
KRUPENYE, Christopher – TAN, Jingzhi – HARE, Brian, “Bonobos Voluntarily Hand Food to Others but Not Toys”, Proceedings of the Royal Society B 285 (2018) 1-8: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1536 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1536
LALAND, Kevin et al., “Does Evolutionary Theory Need a Rethink? Yes, urgently”, Nature 514 (2014) 161-164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/514161a
LEARY, Mark, “The Sociometer, Self-esteem, and the Regulation of Interpersonal Behavior”, in Roy BAUMEISTER – Kathleen D. VOHS (eds.), Handbook of Self-regulation: Research, Theory, and Applications, New York, NY, The Guilford Press, 2004, 373-391.
LEWIS, Michael, “The Emergence of Human Emotions”, in Michael LEWIS – Jeannette M. HAVILAND-JONES (eds.), Handbook of Emotions, New York, NY, Guilford Press, 2000, 265-280.
LOCKWOOD, Patricia – APPS, Matthew – CHANG, Steve, “Is There a ‘Social’ Brain? Implementations and Algorithms”, Trends in Cognitive Sciences 24 (2020) 802-813: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.06.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.06.011
LOTEM, Arnon – HALPERN, Joseph Y. – EDELMAN, Shimon – KOLODNY, Oren, “The Evolution of Cognitive Mechanisms in Response to Cultural Innovations”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114 (2017) 7915-7922: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1620742114 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1620742114
LURIA, Alexander R., Language and Cognition, New York, John Wiley & Sons. 1982 (orig. 1979).
MANI, Nivedita – PLUNKETT, Kim, “In the Infant’s Mind’s Ear: Evidence for implicit naming in 18-month-olds”, Psychological Science 21 (2010) 908-913: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610373371 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610373371
MCCOY, Mark – SHACKELFORD, Todd, “No Such Thing as Genuine Forgiveness?”, Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (2013) 28-29: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X12000544 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X12000544
MICHAEL, John – SZÉKELY, Marcell, “Goal Slippage: A Mechanism for Spontaneous Instrumental Helping in Infancy?”, Topoi 38 (2019) 173-183: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-017-9485-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-017-9485-5
MISCHEL, Walter – EBBESEN, Ebbe, “Attention in Delay of Gratification”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 16 (1970) 329-337: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0029815 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0029815
NEUBAUER, Simon – HUBLIN, Jean-Jacques – GUNZ, Philipp, “The Evolution of Modern Human Brain Shape”, Science Advances 4 (2018): https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao5961 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao5961
ODENBAUGH, Jay, “Nothing in Ethics Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution?”, Synthese 194 (2017) 1031-1055: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-015-0675-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-015-0675-7
ONISHI, Kristine H. – BAILLARGEON, Renée, “Do 15-Month-Old Infants Understand False Beliefs?”, Science 308 (2005) 255-258: https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1107621 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1107621
PERRONE-BERTOLOTTI, Marcela – RAPIN, L. – LACHAUX, J. P. – BACIU, M. – LŒVENBRUCK, H., “What Is That Little Voice Inside My Head? Inner speech phenomenology, its role in cognitive performance, and its relation to self-monitoring?”, Behavioural Brain Research 261 (2014) 220-239: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2013.12.034 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2013.12.034
PETERS, Ted, “Free Will in Science, Philosophy, and Theology”, Theology and Science 17 (2019): https://doi.org/10.1080/14746700.2019.1596215 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14746700.2019.1596215
RAND, David – GREENE, Joshua – NOWAK, Martin, “Spontaneous Giving and Calculated Greed”, Nature 489 (2012) 427-430: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11467 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11467
RATZINGER, Joseph, In the Beginning: A Catholic Understanding of the Story of Creation and the Fall, Grand Rapids, MI – Cambridge, Eerdmans, 1986.
ROSSANO, Matt J., “Ritual as Resource Management”, Philosophical Transactions Royal Society B 375 (2020): http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0429 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0429
ROTTER, Julian B., “Generalized Expectancies for Internal Versus External Control of Reinforcement”, Psychological Monographs: General and Applied 80 (1966) 1-28: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0092976 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0092976
SCHLOSS, Jeffrey P., “Darwinian Explanations of Morality: Accounting for the Normal but Not the Normative”, in Hilary PUTNAM – Susan NEIMAN – Jeffrey P. SCHLOSS (eds.), Understanding Moral Sentiments: Darwinian Perspectives, Piscataway, NJ, Transaction, 2014, 81-121: http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351296281-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351296281-6
SCHLOSS, Jeffrey, “Our Shared Yearnings for a Greater Good”, Minding Nature 10 (2017) 14-22.
SOUTHGATE, Victoria, “Are Infants Altercentric? The Other and the Self in Early Social Cognition”, Psychological Review 127 (2020) 505-523: https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000182 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000182
SPIKINS, Penny – NEEDHAM, Andy – WRIGHT, Barry – DYTHAM, Calvin – GATTA, Maurizio –HITCHENS, Gail, “Living to Fight Another Day: The Ecological and Evolutionary Significance of Neanderthal Healthcare”, Quaternary Science Reviews 217 (2019) 98-118: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.011
SZNYCER, Daniel, “Forms and Functions of the Self-Conscious Emotions”, Trends in Cognitive Sciences 23 (2019) 143-157: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2018.11.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2018.11.007
TOMASELLO, Michael – CALL, Josep – HARE, Brian, “Chimpanzees understand psychological states — the question is which ones and to what extent”, Trends in cognitive sciences 7 (2003) 153-156: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6613(03)00035-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00035-4
TOMASELLO, Michael, “How children come to understand false beliefs: a shared intentionality account”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115 (2018) 8491-8498: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804761115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804761115
TOMASELLO, Michael, “Why Be Nice? Better Not Think About It”, Trends in Cognitive Sciences 16 (2012) 580-581: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.10.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.10.006
TOMASELLO, Michael, A Natural History of Human Morality, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674915855
VYGOTSKY, Lev, Thought and Language, MIT Press, 1962 (1934). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/11193-000
WANG, Xiuyi – KRIEGER-REDWOOD, Katya – ZHANG, Meichao – CUI Zaixu – WANG, Xiaokang – KARAPANAGIOTIDIS, Theodoros – DU, Yi – LEECH, Robert – BERNHARDT, Boris – MARGULIES, Daniel – SMALLWOOD, Jonathan – JEFFERIES, Elizabeth, “Physical distance to sensory-motor landmarks predicts language function”, Cerebral Cortex (2022) 1-14: https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhac344 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhac344
WARNEKEN, Felix – HARE, Brian – MELIS, Alicia – HANUS, Daniel – TOMASELLO, Michael, “Spontaneous Altruism by Chimpanzees and Young Children”, Plos Biology 5 (2007) 1414-1420: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0050184 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0050184
WARNEKEN, Felix, “Precocious Prosociality: Why Do Young Children Help?”, Child Development Perspectives 9 (2015) 1-6: https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12101
WITKOWER, Zachary –TRACY, Jessica – CHENG, Joey – HENRICH, Joseph, “Two Signals of Social. Prestige and Dominance are Associated with Distinct Nonverbal Displays”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 118 (2020) 89-120: https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000181 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000181
WU, Junhui – BALLIET, Daniel – VAN LANGE, Paul, “Reputation, Gossip, and Human Cooperation”, Social and Personality Psychology Compass 10 (2016) 350-564: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12255 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12255
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Isidorianum
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
